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   The Hydrogen Highway
Illinois' Path to a Sustainable Economy and Environment
    Illinois Coalition      March 24, 2004
    The Hydrogen Highway will be made up of an assortment of specific projects, each uniquely tailored to reach the needs of Illinois citizens and to provide maximum economic and environmental benefit to the state. more: DESIGNING THE FUTURE

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The Hydrogen Economy
Opportunities, Costs, Barriers,
and R&D Needs (2004)
National Research Council
National Academy of Engineering

"The NRC has validated the achievability of President Bush's vision that 'the first car driven by a child born today could be fueled by hydrogen and pollution free.' This report confirms that the President's Hydrogen Initiative has the long-term potential to deliver greater energy independence for America and tremendous environmental benefits for the world.
"...Based on the NRC's interim report, we are already adopting many of their recommendations. Following the NRC's recommendation that DOE devote more resources for exploratory research, the President's 2005 budget contains new funding for basic research in DOE's Office of Science, and we are probably ahead of where the Academy thinks we are in integrating our hydrogen work across DOE's programs."
Spencer Abraham
Secretary, U.S. Department of Energy

National Research Council Reports on
Bush Administration's Hydrogen Efforts
U.S. Newswire February 4, 2004

     President Bush's vision of a hydrogen energy economy would have fundamental and dramatic benefits for our energy security and the environment, according to a new National Research Council (NRC) Report.
     As the report notes, "A transition to hydrogen as a major fuel in the next 50 years could fundamentally transform the U.S. energy system, creating opportunities to increase energy security through the use of a variety of domestic energy sources for hydrogen production while reducing environmental impacts, including atmospheric CO2 emissions and criteria pollutants."(1)
     ...The report, "The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers and R&D Needs," also indicated that the Department of Energy's broad approach to produce hydrogen from abundant, domestic coal resources as well as renewable energy was important for the emergence of a viable transportation system. The NRC recommended that the Department more fully coordinate its hydrogen programs in its renewable energy, fossil energy, science and nuclear energy offices.
     Recommendations in the report also suggest that DOE focus its research on distributed natural gas and wind-electrolysis to enable a transition to a hydrogen economy within the next two decades. The report recommends that the Department more closely coordinate its carbon capture and sequestration activities with the hydrogen research program. The committee further encourages the Department to rapidly move ahead with its FutureGen Project to demonstrate co-production of power and hydrogen in conjunction with the successful capture and sequestration of the carbon dioxide generated.      more

Bush Requests More Hydrogen from the Congress
H2Cars.Biz February 2, 2004
The Department’s hydrogen effort in FY 2005 totals $228 million (including $173 million from the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, $9 million from Nuclear Energy, $16 million from Fossil Energy and $29 million from DOE’s Office of Science). The Department of Transportation is also contributing $0.8 million in FY 2005.

Bush Seeks 43% Funding Increase for Hydrogen Cars
Forbes/Reuters February 2, 2004

New Study Exhibits the Environmental Harmlessness of a Global Hydrogen Economy
Received by CHBC from Werner Zittel, LBST June 13, 2003

The Science magazine published a study ("Potential environmental impact of a hydrogen economy on the stratosphere" by T.K. Tromp, R.-L. Shia, M. Allen, J.M. Eiler, Y. L. Yung, Science, vol. 300, 13. June 2003, p. 1740-1742) which investigates the potential environmental impact of a future hydrogen economy. To be [on] the safe side, the authors assumed that hydrogen emissions from a global hydrogen economy would amount to 120 Tg/yr, at worst, however, also pointing out that "it is likely that such emissions could be limited or even made negligible, although at some cost." With these worst case assumptions the authors conclude further that anthropogenic emissions would rise by a factor of four, and at the same time they assumed the hydrogen concentration at the surface to increase by a factor of four, to 2.3 ppmv. However, as [is] well known in the scientific community, usually the decomposition rates also increase with increasing concentration, limiting the final figure to a lower level. For instance, doubling anthropogenic CO2 emissions does not result in a doubling of CO2 concentrations. Therefore the authors admit "Second, a large, possible dominant, sink of H2 from the atmosphere is uptake in soil. ...It is possible that this process could entirely compensate for new anthropogenic emissions, although a study will be needed whether this is the case." In addition, not mentioned in the article, at least part of present H2 emissions will be omitted in a renewable hydrogen economy; these are emissions from industrial fossil burning process (which are estimated in the range of between 10 – 15 Tg/yr in the study but according to other sources could be as high as 57 Tg/yr), and atmospheric hydrogen production by the decomposition of hydrocarbons (CH4 and higher) which, at least partly, are due to fossil energy extraction and burning.

A direct result of these crude assumptions is that stratospheric water content would rise by about 30 percent – again neglecting that today the largest source for stratospheric water vapor is methane decomposition in high altitudes, which would be reduced once fossil fuel extraction and burning are ceased. Based on this assumption the stratospheric ozone decomposition could be enhanced by about 1 percent. However, according to the authors, indirect effects might be more severe: Colder temperatures would create more polar stratospheric clouds, delay the break up of the polar vortex, and thereby make the ozone hole deeper, larger (in area), and more persistent (in spring). With these assumptions, at worst the ozone depletion is about 5 to 8 % enhanced in the boreal spring. This leads the authors to the conclusion that "anthropogenic emissions of H2 could substantially delay the recovery of the ozone layer that is expected to result from the regulation of chlorofluorocarbons." But the authors also admit that beyond 2020 ozone levels will have recovered to a status where these additional H2 emissions will have much less influence.

Consequently, the authors conclusion is not to stop a hydrogen economy but to delay the introduction of fuel cells and hydrogen economy beyond the year 2020, not realizing that large amounts of hydrogen anyhow will be handled only beyond 2020, due to the long lead times of its introduction. Keeping in mind the crude assumption are taken in this study, it can be concluded that this study admits that no severe consequences on ozone depletion are to be expected. Finally, other effects were mentioned but not studied: These are a possible influence of H2 decomposition on OH concentration, potential impacts of increased mesospheric H2O levels on atmosphere chemistry, and the influence of higher H2 concentrations on microbial nutrients. But at least concerning the consumption of OH radicals might be more than outweighed by the reduction of other emissions which are decomposed via hydroxyl (OH).

Dr. Werner Zittel [Dr.rer.nat., Dipl.-Physiker], from Germany, is a consultant with L-B-Systemtechnik GmbH, a Munich-based consulting company specialising in sustainable energy and transport strategies. L-B-S is a founding member of the European Business Council for a Sustainable Energy Future, a business NGO which promotes compliance with the Kyoto protocol and lobbies in support of climate-friendly technologies and policies at climate negotiations. He holds a doctorate in physics from the Technical University of Darmstadt and worked at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics.
-- The Hydrogen Transition Dr. Werner Zittel Global Vision

Tromp, et al, receive polite response from incredulous businessmen...
Hydrogen Fuel Use Could Wreck Ozone Layer, Study Says
-- But Expert from Air Products Says Premise 'Unrealistic'
Kurt Blumenau The Morning Call, Allentown (PA) June 13, 2003
Equipment designs and operating standards hold companies to, at most, a ''near-zero'' leak standard, according to a statement by Nirmal Chatterjee, Air Products' vice president of environment, health and safety, and corporate engineering. ''To assume and report an expected 10 to 20 percent leakage of hydrogen, from any source, is unrealistic,'' Chatterjee said. ''From a safety, environmental and economic standpoint, it would make the technology unfeasible.'' ''I can't imagine how anybody could assume 10 to 20 percent leakage of hydrogen,'' added Sandy Thomas, president of H2Gen Innovations, a fuel cell developer in Alexandria, Va.

...and an outright condemnation of their work from Eruope:

...The article by Tromp et. al. due to wrong assumptions stipulated without proving them according to the state of the art of technology comes to erroneous conclusions. It is a pity that Science assisted in putting such a faulty publication into circulation damaging the image of hydrogen in a completely unjustified and unnecessary way.
    We hope for a correction to be published by Science immediately.
With best regards, Werner Zittel
          Dr. Werner Zittel
          L-B-Systemtechnik GmbH
          http://www.HyWeb.de and http://www.lbst.de

In a June 18 Letter to the Editor of Science, Dr. Peter Lehman, Director of the Schatz Energy Research Center, points out another reason for Zittel's outrage: "...they base their assumptions on previous work by Zittel and Altman...."

Editor:
     In their recent report, T.K. Tromp, et al., ("Potential Environmental Impact of a Hydrogen Economy on the Stratosphere," 13 June, p. 1740) examine the effect that emissions of hydrogen from the widespread use of fuel cell technology would have on the atmosphere. Using modeling, they report that increased molecular hydrogen concentration in the atmosphere would lead to stratospheric cooling and ozone depletion, among other effects.
     In order to begin their analysis, Tromp, et al., make assumptions regarding the magnitude of hydrogen emissions that would result from a complete switch to a hydrogen economy. They base their assumptions on previous work by Zittel and Altmann (1) and Sherif, et al., (2). They claim from Zittel and Altmann that losses of hydrogen "... have been reasonably projected to be on the order of 10%." Zittel and Altmann, however, give actual losses of gaseous hydrogen from an existing hydrogen pipeline grid in Germany to be 0.1% and losses from transporting liquid hydrogen to range from 1% to 10%. They give 2-3% as a "more realistic" estimate of losses for liquid hydrogen.
     Citing Sherif, Tromp, et al., estimate losses to be even higher, suggesting "... that a range of 10% to 20% should be expected." Sherif, et al., do say that "... boil-off losses associated with the storage, transportation, and handling of liquid hydrogen can consume up to 40% of its available combustion energy." However, they later give boil-off rates for liquid hydrogen dewars which allow calculation of reasonably expected losses. For example, a tanker truck sized tank would lose approximately 0.4%/day, so for a five day delivery run, total losses would be only 2%. Losses from much larger storage tanks would be significantly less per day. If Tromp, et al., had assumed these smaller losses, their results would be far less striking. Further, the simple expedient of catalytically oxidizing the vented hydrogen would reduce the effect to an almost negligible level. Indeed, we should continue to be vigilant in determining the effect of technology change on the global environment, but it does not seem that hydrogen emissions will undermine the obvious benefits of a hydrogen economy.

Peter A. Lehman
Schatz Energy Research Center
Environmental Resources Engineering Department
Humboldt State University

1. W. Zittel and M. Altmann, in Proceedings of the 11th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, T.N. Veziroglu, C.-J. Winter, J.P. Baselt, and G. Kreysa, Eds., (Schoen and Wetzel, Frankfurt, Germany, 1966).
2. S.A. Sherif, N. Zeytinoglu, and T.N. Veziroglu, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 22, 683 (1997).

Potential Environmental Impact of a Hydrogen Economy on the Stratosphere Tracey K. Tromp, Run-Lie Shia, Mark Allen, John M. Eiler, Y. L. Yung Science June 13, 2003

Optimized Hydrogen and Electricity
Generation from Wind L.J. Fingersh
National Renewable Energy Laboratory June 2003

It is possible to efficiently connect multiple hydrogen-
generating and -consuming devices to a modern variable-
speed wind turbine without substantial additional complexity in the electrical power control system. In fact, it may be

possible to connect an electrolyzer, regeneration device, and battery to an existing turbine design with only the addition of some switches and protection devices and no additional power electronics. By reusing existing wind turbine components in this way, significant total system cost savings can be achieved.
A wind energy system that includes an integrated hydrogen system also provides grid integration benefits. By including components whose energy consumption or production can be controlled, dispatchability is added to the wind energy power plant system. This dispatchability can be used to provide power at peak times of the day or year or to provide other ancillary services to the grid. In addition, it may be possible to reduce transmission line capacity from the wind plant by using the hydrogen system to “clip the power peaks” of the wind output. In this way, the grid capacity factor would be increased. With regeneration or batteries added, capacity factor would be increased even more.
One of the more exciting prospects for adding hydrogen components to a wind energy plant is the increased number of available options for site-specific optimization. For example, one might choose to provide more electricity and less hydrogen if the winds are steady and grid needs are high (as in California). One might also choose to produce more hydrogen and less electricity in locations with strong winds but small electrical loads (as in North Dakota). Even the type of grid available could influence the system optimization. Weak grids might need more hydrogen-based regeneration or more battery power when compared to stronger grids so that the wind plant could be dispatched when necessary to support the weaker grid.
The addition of hydrogen to conventional renewable power generation offers numerous advantages over stand-alone systems. Elimination of redundant systems, enhanced efficiency, improved performance capability, and opportunities to provide optimized application specific design are just a few of the possibilities. Future in-depth analyses and systems integration studies will prove invaluable in determining the specific configurations and applications providing the lowest cost of energy.

Electrochemical Science and
Technology Information Resource
(ESTIR)

This compilation of review chapters on electrochemical science, engineering, and technology is collected from multi-author advances/review books published in English since 1950. Contributions from selected review journals are also included. In all probability, these reviews (and their reference lists) contain all major advances made in electrochemistry during the last few decades. Hopefully, this listing will provide a useful information source for students and research workers of electrochemistry. The file contains more than 3000 reviews.
Also see

Electrochemistry Encyclopedia

Electrochemistry Dictionary

Hosted by the Ernest B. Yeager Center for Electrochemical Sciences (YCES) and the Chemical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio.

September 2002

Hydrogen Storage for Aircraft Applications Overview
NASA Anthony J. Colozza, Analex Corporation

Hydrogen is a very high energy density element that holds much promise as a potential fuel for aircraft. The energy density of hydrogen, which is around 120 MJ/kg, is more than double that of most conventional fuels (for example natural gas: 43 MJ/kg and gasoline 44.4 MJ/kg). The main issue with using hydrogen in aircraft is its very low density. At ambient conditions 1 liter of hydrogen contains only 10.7 KJ of energy. Even in its liquid state the volumetric energy density of hydrogen (8.4 MJ/liter ) is less then half that of other fuels (natural gas 17.8 MJ/liter, gasoline 31.1 MJ/liter). Storing a sufficient amount of it for use in most applications requires a large volume. Therefore, in order to make it practical for aircraft applications, the storage method utilized must increase the density of hydrogen.

Danger In The Air:
The 2001 Ozone Season Summary
August 2002 U.S. PIRG Education Fund
Executive Summary News Release

Full Report

Biological Hydrogen Production

Biological Hydrogen from Fuel Gases, G. Vanzin, J. Huang, S. Smolinski, K. Kronoveter, and P.-C. Maness, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 273 KB)

Bioreactor Development for Biological Hydrogen Production, E. Wolfrum, A. Watt, and J. Huang, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 365 KB)

Molecular Engineering of Algal Hydrogen Production, M. Seibert, P. King, L. Zhang, L. Mets, and M. Ghirardi, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 742 KB)

Chlorophyll Antenna Size Adjustments by Irradiance in Dunaliella salina Involve Coordinate Regulation of Chlorophyll a Oxygenase (CAO) and Lhcb Gene Expression, T. Masuda, A. Tanaka, and A. Melis, University of California, Berkeley (PDF 703 KB)

Cyclic Photobiological Algal Hydrogen Production, M. Ghirardi, S. Kosourov, A. Tsygankov, A. Rubin, and M. Seibert, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 303 KB)

Efficient Hydrogen Production Using Enzymes of the Pentose Phosphate Cycle, J. Woodward, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Biomass-based Hydrogen Production

Fluidizable Catalysts for Producing Hydrogen by Steam Reforming Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids, K. Magrini-Bair, S. Czernik, R. French, Y. Parent, M. Ritland, and E. Chornet, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 751 KB)

Reformer Model Development for Hydrogen Production, J. Bellan, N. Okong'o, P. C. LeClercq and H. Abdel-Hameed, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PDF 1.15 MB)

Hydrogen Production from Post-Consumer Wastes, S. Czernik, R. French, C. Feik, and E. Chornet, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 387 KB)

Hydrogen from Biomass for Urban Transportation, Y. Yeboah, K. Bota, Z. Wang, M. Realff, D. Day, J. Howard, D. McGee, R. Evans, E. Chornet, S. Czernik, C. Feik, R. French, S. Phillips, and J. Patrick, Clark Atlanta U (PDF 561 KB)

Engineering Scale Up of Renewable H2 Production by Catalytic Steam Reforming of Peanut Shells Pyrolysis Products, R. Evans, S. Czernik, E. Chornet, C. Feik, R. French, and S. Phillips, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 531 KB)

Supercritical Water Partial Oxidation, G. Hong and M. Spritzer, General Atomics (PDF 682 KB)

Hydrogen Production by Anaerobic Microbial Communities Exposed to Repeated Heat Treatments, S. Sung, L. Raskin, T. Duangmanee, S. Padmasiri, and J. Simmons, Iowa State University (PDF 504 KB)

Biomass-Derived Hydrogen from a Thermally Ballasted Gasifier, R. Brown, G. Norton, A. Suby, J. Smeenk, K. Cummer, and J. Nunez, Iowa State University (PDF 752 KB)

Fossil-based Hydrogen Production

Rapid Solar-thermal Dissociation of Natural Gas in an Aerosol Flow Reactor, J.Dahl, K. Buechler, R. Finley, T. Stanislaus, A. Weimer, A. Lewandowski, C. Bingham, A. Smeets, and A. Schneider, University of Colorado & NREL (PDF 428 KB)

Production of Hydrogen by Superadiabatic Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide, R. Slimane, F. Lau, R. Dihu, M. Khinkis, J. Bingue, A. Saveliev, A. Fridman, and L. Kennedy, Gas Technology Institute (PDF 690 KB)

Thermocatalytic CO2-Free Production of Hydrogen from Hydrocarbon Fuels, N. Muradov, Florida Solar Energy Center (PDF 737 KB)

Novel Catalytic Fuel Reforming Using Micro-Technology with Advanced Separations Technology, P. Irving, L. Allen, Q. Ming, and T. Healey, InnovaTek (PDF 330 KB)

ITM Syngas and ITM H2: Engineering Development of Ceramic Membrane Reactor Systems for Converting Natural Gas to Hydrogen and Synthesis Gas for Liquid Transportation Fuels, M. Carolan, C. Chen, and E. Rynders, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (PDF 329 KB)

Economic Feasibility Analysis of Hydrogen Production by Integrated Ceramic Membrane System, M. Shah and R. Drnevich, Praxair (PDF 240 KB)

Low Cost Hydrogen Production Platform, R. Bollinger and T. Aaron, Praxair (PDF 248 KB)

Electrolytic Processes

Photoelectrochemical Based Direct Conversion for Hydrogen Production, J. Turner, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Photoelectrochemical Production of Hydrogen, E. Miller and R. Rocheleau, University of Hawaii (PDF 1.6 MB)

Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Using New Combinatorial Chemistry Derived Materials, S. H. Baeck, K.-S. Choi, A. Ivanovskaya, T. Jaramillo, W. Siripala, G. Stucky, and E. McFarland, University of California, Santa Barbara (PDF 1.1 MB)

Combinatorial Discovery of Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production, T. Mill, A. Hirschon, M. Coggiola, B. MacQueen, N. Kambe, and B. Chaloner-Gill, SRI International (PDF 825 KB)

Technology Validation

Filling Up with Hydrogen-2000, M. Fairlie, Stuart Energy Systems (PDF 531 KB)

Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends for Heavy and Light-Duty Applications, K. Collier, NRG Technologies (PDF 151 KB)

Research and Development of a PEM Fuel Cell, Hydrogen Reformer, and Vehicle Refueling Facility, V. Raman, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (PDF 236 KB)

Fuel Cell R&D and Demonstration, R. Fields, E. Rowley, M. Wilson, and C. Zawodzinski, Los Alamos National Laboratory (PDF 483 KB)

Advanced Underground Vehicle Power and Control Fuel Cell Mine Locomotive, A. Miller and D. Barnes, Fuel Cell Propulsion Institute (PDF 371 KB)

Standardized Testing Program for Emergent Chemical Hydride and Carbon Storage Technologies, R. Page and M. Miller, Southwest Research Institute (PDF 185 KB)

Development of a Turnkey Commercial Hydrogen Fueling Station, D. Guro, Air Products and Chemicals (PDF 170 KB)

Hydrogen Refueling System Based on Autothermal Cyclic Reforming, R. Kumar, G. Kastanas, S. Barge, V. Zamansky, and R. Seeker, General Electric/ Energy and Environmental (PDF 300 KB)

Development of a High Efficiency Natural Gas to Hydrogen Fueling System, W. Liss, Gas Technology Institute (PDF 410 KB)

Separation and Purification

Separation Membrane Development, K. Heung, Westinghouse Savannah River Technology Center (PDF 650 KB)

Defect-free Thin Film Membranes for Hydrogen Separation and Isolation, T. Nenoff and F. Bonhomme, Sandia National Laboratories (PDF 363 KB)

Design and Development of New Glass-Ceramic Proton Conducting Membranes, S. Martin, S. Poling, and J. Sutherland, Iowa State University (PDF 376 KB)

Analysis Projects

Process Analysis Work for the DOE Hydrogen Program-2001, P. Spath, W. Amos, and M. Mann, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 363 KB)

Cost and Performance Comparison Of Stationary Hydrogen Fueling Appliances, D. Myers, G. Ariff, B. James, J. Lettow, C. Thomas, and R. Kuhn, Directed Technologies, Inc. (PDF 286 KB)

Strategic Planning and Implementation, J. Ohi, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 609 KB)

Hydrogen Technical Analysis, S. Lasher, M. Stratonova, and J. Thijssen, A. D. Little (PDF 375 KB)

Techno-Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Production by Gasification of Biomass, F. Lau, R. Zabransky, D. Bowen, C. Kinoshita, S. Turn, and E. Hughes, Gas Technology Institute (PDF 512 KB)

Analysis of Hydrogen/Infrastructure/Transportation Applications, S. Unnasch, A.D. Little

Hydrogen Codes and Standards, J. Ohi and R. Hewett, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 153 KB)

NHA-DOE Cost Shared Activities: Hydrogen Codes and Standards Outreach, K. Miller, National Hydrogen Association (PDF 172 KB)

Codes and Standards Analysis, M. Swain and P. Filoso, University of Miami (PDF 2.72 MB)

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicle Evaluation, R. Parish, L. Eudy, K. Proc, and K. Chandler, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 173 KB)

Power Parks Simulation Project, A. Lutz, Sandia National Laboratory (PDF 185 KB)

International Energy Agency Activities, C. Elam, C. Gregoire-Padro, P. Spath, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (PDF 647 KB)

Hydrogen Technical Analysis on Matters Being Considered by the IEA-Transportation Infrastructure, S. Schoenung, Longitude 122 West (PDF 392 KB)

Technical Evaluations and Analysis of Currently Funded Projects and Database Development, E. Skolnik and C. TerMaath, Energetics (PDF 264 KB)

Hydrogen Utilization Research

Technical Analysis of Hydrogen Production, A. T-Raissi, Florida Solar Energy Center (PDF 553 KB)

Gallium Nitride Integrated Gas/Temperature Sensors for Fuel Cell System Monitoring for Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide, S. Pyke, Peterson Ridge LLC

Interfacial Stability of Thin Film Fiber-Optic Hydrogen Sensors, R. Smith, P. Liu, S.-H. Lee, E. Tracy, and R. Pitts, National Renewable Laboratory (PDF 537 KB)

Micro-Machined Thin Film Hydrogen Gas Sensors, F. DiMeo, Jr., I.-S. Chen, P. Chen, J. Neuner, M. Stawasz, J. Welch, and A. Rohrl, Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. (PDF 424 KB)

Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Two Wheeler with On-board Metal Hydride Storage, K. Sapru, S. Ramachandran, P. Sievers, and Z. Tan and S. Ramachandran, ECD (PDF 494 KB)

Alkaline Fuel Cell Development, T. Armstrong, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Enabling Science for Advanced Ceramic Membrane Electrolyzers, F. Garzon, R. Mukundan, and E.Brosha, Los Alamos National Laboratory (PDF 233 KB)

Hydrogen Production Through Electrolysis Systems, R. Friedland and A. Speranza, Proton Energy Systems (PDF 738 KB)

Reduced Turbine Emissions Using Hydrogen-Enriched Fuels, B. Scheffer, Sandia National Laboratories (PDF 580 KB)

Advanced Internal Combustion Electrical Generator, P. VanBlarigan, Sandia National Laboratories (PDF 560 KB)

Low Cost, High Efficiency, Reversible Fuel Cell Systems, C. Milliken and R. Ruhl, Technology Management, Inc. (PDF 377 KB)

High-Efficiency Steam Electrolyzer, A.-Q. Pham, E. See, D. Lenz, P. Martin and R. Glass, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (PDF 217 KB)

Storage

Hydrogen Composite Tank Program, N. Sirosh, Quantum Technologies, Inc. (PDF 466 KB)

Carbon Nanotubes Materials for Hydrogen Storage, M. Heben, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Hydrogen Storage, R. Zidan and A. Rao, Westinghouse Savannah River Technology Center (PDF 180 KB)

Hydrogen Storage in Metal-Modified Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, C. Ahn, J. Vajo, B. Fultz, R. Yazami, D. Brown, and R. Bowman, Jr., California Institute of Technology (PDF 413 KB)

Catalytically Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Systems, C. Jensen, University of Hawaii (PDF 303 KB)

Hydride Development for Hydrogen Storage, K. Gross, E. Majzoub, G. Thomas, and G. Sandrock, Sandia National Laboratories (PDF 1.2 MB)

Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage, D. Slattery and M. Hampton, Florida Solar Energy Center (PDF 345 KB)

Hydrogen Storage Using Lightweight Tanks, A. Weisberg, B. Myers, and G. Berry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (PDF 524 KB)

Certification Testing and Demonstration of Insulated Pressure Vessels for Vehicular Hydrogen Storage, S. M. Aceves, J. Martinez-Frias and F. Espinosa-Loza, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (PDF 307 KB)

Disproportionation Resistant Alloy Development for Hydride Hydrogen Compression, M. Golben and D. DaCosta, Ergenics, Inc. (PDF 273 KB)

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Electrochemical Science and Technology Information Resource (ESTIR)

Hosted by the Ernest B. Yeager Center for Electrochemical Sciences (YCES) and the Chemical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio.

Electrochemical Science and
Technology Information Resource
(ESTIR)